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Philosophy 31004
British Empiricism

8:50-9:40 MWF
Fall 1997

Professor Deborah Smith
320-K Bowman Hall
Office Hours: Mon. 9:50-10:50
and by appointment.


Required Texts

Locke, Berkeley, and Hume
The Empiricists, Richard Taylor, editor

David Hume
A Treatise of Human Nature (complete)

Barry Stroud
Hume

There will also be some required photocopied readings available on reserve in the library.

Recommended Texts on Reserve

Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (complete)
J. Bennett
Locke, Berkeley, Hume

Course Description

In this course we will examine some of the main works of the British empiricists Locke, Berkeley and Hume (as well as some of the writings of contemporary commentators) with an eye toward answering the questions: (i) is there really a fairly determinate range of philosophical theories which are identifiable as empiricist theories? and, assuming an affirmative answer to this question, (ii) what are the basic metaphysical and epistemological commitments of an empiricist theory? We will also examine some of the philosophical motivations for adopting an empiricist view (especially those involving a criticism of the rationalism of Descartes and Leibniz) and the philosophical problems associated with empiricism (especially the problem of our knowledge of the external world and other minds). Other relevant issues covered will include: the ground of our universal terms, the nature of substance, the nature of mind, the role and nature of a priori knowledge, the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, and the distinction between appearance and reality.


Course Requirements

Reading

There is a fair amount of reading assigned for this class. You are expected to complete all of the assigned reading in a timely fashion and bring the relevant reading materials to class with you. It is a good idea to read the material more than once and to take notes on the reading as you do so. In addition to the required readings, I will be placing on reserve in the library several works which may also be of interest to you as you write your term papers and prepare for the final.

Attendance and Class Participation

You are expected to attend every class meeting and make a positive contribution to class discussion. Such a contribution includes but is not limited to, asking questions when some aspect of the reading or my lecture is unclear, explicating passages of the reading, providing critical analysis of the reading and of my lecture. In some cases, students may also be asked to read to the class all or part of something they have written for credit.

Graded Material

This is a writing intensive course. There will be three term papers of approximately 5 to 10 pages in length. Due dates for each are listed in the syllabus. For at least the second term paper, you will be required to turn in a very polished draft for comments before writing the final, graded version of the paper. There will also be approximately six shorter assignments to help you prepare for the longer term papers. These will be announced in class. In addition to the writing assignments, there will also be a comprehensive final exam.

Each of the term papers will be worth 30 points (90 points total) Each of the shorter assignments will be worth 10 points (60 points total) The final exam will be worth 100 points

Your final grade will be based on the curve determined by the 250 points possible in this course with some consideration given to regular, insightful class participation and improvement in the quality of written work. You must turn in all three of the term papers, take the final, and receive at least half of the points possible in the course to earn a passing grade of a D or better.


Academic Complaints

The Philosophy Department Grievance Procedure for handling student grievances is in conformity with the Student Academic Complaint Policy and Procedures set down as University Policy 3342-16 in the University Policy Register. For information concerning the details of the grievance procedure, please see the departmental chairperson.


Students with Disabilities

In accordance with University policy, if you have a documented disability and require accommodations to obtain equal access in this course, please contact the instructor at the beginning of the semester when given an assignment for which an accommodation is required. Students with disabilities must verify their eligibility through the office of Student Disability Services (SDS) in the Michael Schwartz Student Services Center (672-3391).


Syllabus

(This schedule is tentative. You are responsible for knowing about any changes announced in class.)

Week 1: Historical background: Plato and the "one over many" problem; nominalism and realism in the middle ages; continental rationalism and a priori justification of empirical knowledge
Reading: Photocopied reading (hereafter, 'PR'): Locke, Essay, Epistle to the reader
The Empiricists (hereafter, 'E'): pp. 7-9
PR: Locke, Essay, Book I: ii-iv

Week 2: Locke's theory of ideas and the debate concerning innate ideas
Reading: E: pp. 9-40
E: pp. 40-62

Week 3: Locke on substance, properties, and essence; Begin Locke on identity
Reading: PR: Locke, Essay, Book III: ii-iii, vi
PR: H. Kornblith, "Locke and Natural Kinds"
E: pp. 62-75

Week 4: Continue Locke's theory of personal identity; Locke's theory of knowledge
Reading: E: pp. 75-97
PR: Locke, Essay, Book IV: xv
E: pp. 97-117

Week 5: Finish Locke; Berkeley on abstract ideas, substance, and primary and secondary qualities
Reading: E: Principles, pp. 135-163
First Term Paper Due Monday

Week 6: Berkeley's criticism of traditional theories of material substance
Reading: E: First Dialogue, pp. 217-252

Week 7: Berkeley's anti-skeptical project and subjective idealism
Reading: E: Second and Third Dialogues, pp. 252-305

Week 8: More on Berkeley's subjective idealism: responses to objections and consequences for knowledge
Reading: E: Principles, pp. 163-215
PR: M. Shepherd, "Essays on the Perception of an External Universe"
PR: Kant, "Refutation of Idealism"
Second Term Paper Due Monday

Week 9: Catch-up and review Locke and Berkeley
Reading: Begin Hume reading for week 10
Second Term Paper Rewrite Due Wednesday

Week 10: Hume's theory of mind and the association of ideas
Reading: E: Enquiries, pp. 307-322, pp. 383-386
Hume, Treatise (hereafter 'T'): Book I, Part I, Sections i, iv, v; Appendix pp. 623-637 Stroud, Hume (hereafter 'H'): Chapters I and II

Week 11: Hume's skeptical doubts and skeptical conclusions to skeptical doubts
Reading: E: Enquiries, pp. 322-348, pp. 417-430
T: Book I, Part III, Sections ii, iii, vi; Appendix pp. 627-633,
Book I, Part IV, Section i
H: Chapter III

Week 12: Hume on causation and necessary connection
Reading: E: pp. 349-383
T: Book I, Part III, Sections vii, xiv, xv;
H: Chapter IV

Week 13: Hume on sense-perception
Reading: T: Book I, Part II, Section vi; Part IV, Sections ii, vii
H: Chapter V Hume on personal identity

Week 14: Hume on Personal Identity
Reading: T: Book I, Part IV, Sections v and vi; Appendix, pp. 633-636
H: Chapter VI
Third Term Paper Due Monday

Week 15: Reflections on British Empiricism: Kant's neo-rationalism; The neo-empiricism of the logical positivists
Reading: H: Chapter X
PR: Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, Introduction
PR: Quine, "Two Dogmas of Empiricism"
Optional Third Term Paper Rewrite Due Friday

Final exam (See schedule)

This page is part of the OhioLINK History of Philosophy Instructional Website designed and developed by the Department of Philosophy at Kent State University. We are interested in any comments you may have concerning this syllabus. Send e-mail to the KSU Department of Philosophy Instructional Website Team or directly to Professor Deborah Smith, who designed this syllabus.


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