In order to meet the requirements of academic honesty, all quotes, paraphrases, and summaries must be cited in both the text of the paper and in a reference list at the end of your paper. The citation within the text of the paper should lead readers to a full bibliographic citation in your reference list.

Citing in Text
Reference List
Examples

ACS style references can be cited in two ways: by number or by author name and date.

By number

The enantioface differentiation depends on the reaction conditions and on the structure of the chiral auxiliary.²

• The enantioface differentiation depends on the reaction conditions and on the structure of the chiral auxiliary (2).

By author name and date

• The enantioface differentiation depends on the reaction conditions and on the structure of the chiral auxiliary (Andres et al., 1997).

• If you choose to use numerical references, begin with 1 and then number each reference consecutively. When citing a reference two or more times, do not give it a new number. Simply refer to the number used the initial time the source was cited. Do not combine numbers and letters (1 and 2, not 1a and 1b).

• Occasionally you may need to cite more than one reference at a time.  In this case, include the reference numbers in increasing order separated with commas (no spaces in superscript, spaces on line). Use a dash if the numbers are part of a continuous series of  3 or more references.

• In the number system, the author's name followed by the reference number may also be included.
Zaragoza (3) reported that with the discovery of rhodium(II) carbenoids, a new method for the alkylation of organic molecules under neutral, very mild reaction conditions has emerged.
 
• Whether you're using the number or author/date system, give both names if a reference has two authors.

          (Norris and Kim²)
 
•  If there are more than two authors, give only the first author followed by "et al."

            [Peterson et al. (8)]

• If you cite a principle author more than once with various co-authors, use the principle author's name followed by "and co-workers"

            (Cardwell and co-workers^8,9)

• When you cite multiple papers by the same authors, in the same year, add a, b, c, to the year.

            (McAllister and Cardwell, 1998b)
 
• The end of a sentence is the most common place to cite a reference. However, you may also include a citation at a natural breaking point within the sentence, for instance before a comma or a conjunction (and, but, or).  Citations should not interfere with the readability of the text.

• Put a reference list at the end of the paper in numerical order if references were cited by number and in alphabetical order if references were cited by author and date.
• Include complete and accurate information. The minimum amount of information required for book and journal sources varies.

Minimum information for journals: author, abbreviated journal title, year, publication, volume number, and initial page of cited article, though complete pagination is possible),
Minimum information for books:  author or editor, book title, publisher, city of publication and year of publication.
• Use only numerals in page numbering:

1934-1936        265-276

Journals

• Abbreviated journal names and volume numbers appear in italics. (The ACS Style Guide (1997) provides a list of journal title abbreviations.)
• The year of the article should be in boldface.
• Most scientific journals are paginated continuously.  That is, page numbering continues from issue to issue.  For instance, if one issue ends on page 706, the next issue begins on page 707.  Occasionally a scientific publication may be paginated separately with every issue starting on page 1.  If the journal is paginated continuously, include only the volume number.  If the journal is paginated separately, include the volume number followed by the issue number in parentheses.

 

Journal with Continuous Pagination
Woodbridge, E.L.; Fletcher, T.R.; Laufer, A.H. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 4938.

Journal with Individual Pagination
Freemantle, M. Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76(28), 15-16.

• It is not necessary to include words like "Company," "Inc.," "Publisher," and "Press" in publishers' names.
• Book titles should be in italics.
• The ACS Style Guide (1997) provides a list of abbreviations commonly used in book references (Vol., No.).

 

Books without an Editor
Calvert, J.G.; Pitts, J.N. Photochemistry; Wiley: New York, 1966; pp 156-186.

Books with an Editor
The Carbohydrates: Chemistry and Biochemistry; Pigman, William W., Ed.; Academic Press:  New York, 1970; p 45.